Fat Chance Essay Example for Free

Fat Chance Essay Prologue to the utilization of PC based measurable programming bundles and applications in the examination and understanding of the information. Themes incorporate both enlightening measurements and surmising strategies. Programming bundles incorporate EXCEL, Minitab, SAS and R. Essential: MATH1107 OR MATH3332 OR ECON2300 OR STAT3125. (Kennesaw State University Undergraduate Catalog). Required Text All perusing material is accessible free on our D2L site in the Resources envelope. The manuals are the Basic Concepts Manual, Excel Manual, SPSS Manual, Minitab Manual, SAS Manual and R Manual. We will likewise be utilizing the Supplemental Text composed by Dr. Daniel Yanosky. It will be invaluable to utilize a blaze drive in this class. It isn't required, however profoundly encouraged to utilize one. 1 Learning Outcomes Students will get guidance in the four significant information investigation programming bundles recorded previously. Upon fruitful finishing of this course, understudies will have the option to utilize every one of these bundles to: ? Capacity as an educated client and basic shopper regarding measurements ready to respond to inquiries in a wise, educated, and keen way and suggest clever conversation starters concerning information, information examination, and programming use. ? Get and correctlyâ interpret the proportions of focal propensity and scattering of an informational collection. ? Create and accurately decipher an assortment of illustrations for both univariate and multivariate investigations. ? Create arbitrary numbers and use them to perform Simple Random Sampling. ? Produce and effectively decipher certainty spans. ? Speak to themselves as capable in every one of these bundles in a prospective employee meet-up or proficient condition. Additionally, understudies will have the option to do the accompanying independent of PC programming: ? ? ? ? ? Recognize sorts of measurable factors. Separate the jobs of logical and reaction factors. Express a legitimate examination theory. Pick a suitable factual examination for a given circumstance. Sum up and impart investigation results through an expert archive. Course Website Materials We will utilize D2L solely for this course. Tests, assignments, the course reading, extra readings,videos and different materials are posted there. Understudies are required to browse their D2L email account regularly. So as to see completely the association of the course and how to explore the site, the understudy should peruse all reports and watch all recordings in the Start Here learning module. Correspondence The favored technique for correspondence is through the D2L email. The teacher will answer all messages at the earliest opportunity. This ought to be inside 24 hours during the week and by Monday morning for a considerable length of time. There might be special cases. 2 Grading Policy Each understudies last course evaluation will be resolved dependent on their exhibition on the accompanying: Class Component Quizzes (7) Homework 1 Homework 2 Final Project Percentage of Final Grade 10% 25% 30% 35% Letter Grade A B C D F Percentile Grade 90% 100% 80% 89% 70% 79% 60% 69% Below 60% Quizzes Required Readings. Culmination of required readings will be surveyed through planned online tests on D2L. Understudies are given investigation advisers for be finished while perusing. These ought to be finished and accessible when taking the tests. Understudies are not permitted to team up on the tests. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that they are on the web, they are basically open book, open note tests. Utilize your test study guides. An aggregate of seven (7) tests will be directed. Except for the prospectus test, every understudy will have two endeavors with 15 minutes to finish the test (10 inquiries). On the off chance that you have finished the examination control, it will be anything but difficult to score well on these tests. For the schedule test, every understudy will have 30 minutes and two endeavors. You will be required to utilize the Respondus LockDown Browser when taking all tests. Guidelines on the best way to download this program will show up the first occasion when that you take a test. Schoolwork Assignments Two (2) schoolwork assignments are planned for the semester. Ideal finishing of all schoolwork assignments is required. Schoolwork must be submitted by means of D2L by 12 PM on the due date indicated in the course plan for request to get full credit. Schoolwork might be submitted as long as 1 day late with a punishment of 15 focuses. After that time, no schoolwork will be acknowledged. Understudies are urged to cooperate in gatherings and examine issues and their responses for schoolwork assignments ONLY. Regardless, all work submitted to the teacher must be a legitimate result of every individual understudy. As such, on the off chance that you team up with another person on a task, it is ideal to cooperate from the start, however then separate and compose your last item on your 3 own. It would be ideal if you pose inquiries if this desire isn't clear. Schoolwork assignments might be kept an eye on TurnItIn. Guarantee that your last item is your unique work. In the event that proof emerges that an understudy has submitted somebody elses function as their own or has submitted some other scholastic infringement of the University Code of Conduct, the teacher maintains whatever authority is needed to apply any scholarly punishment up to and including a bombing grade (I. e. , â€Å"F) for the class. Regardless, the understudy will be alluded to the University Judiciary Program for formal documentation and additionally charges. The charges and punishment chose by the University Judiciary Program might be unique and additionally more extreme than that of the teacher. Last Project The last task will be performed utilizing SAS. A total information investigation will be performed and an expert report arranged. There will be no cooperation on this venture. Last Projects won't be acknowledged after the due date. Additional data concerning the last venture is posted in the Drop Box on D2L. Participation You are permitted to miss two days without punishment. Upon the third nonattendance, you will lose one (1) letter grade†¦NO EXCEPTIONS. Participation will be recorded twice during each class. It is your obligation to sign the participation record when you go into the room. Since it is problematic and diverting to different understudies for you to show up after the expected time or leave early, rehashed rates should be tended to. On the off chance that you are over 15 minutes late, you will be stamped missing. You may not leave early except if you have examined the explanation with me before class. There is no differentiation made among pardoned and unexcused unlucky deficiencies: An understudy is either in participation or not. Kindly don't carry reasons to class. An understudy who misses a class is liable for all material missed. This class will just meet multiple times; along these lines, participation is imperative to your achievement in the class. It is fundamental that you are in class on time with the PC booted up, the materials that you requirement for class downloaded from D2L and marked on to Citrix (when suitable). In the event that you are late, you will be behind. I will be opening the study hall somewhere in the range of 7:45 and 8:00 with the goal that you can be in class and arranged by 8:00. The class won't delayed down or hang tight for late appearances. The material that we spread in class isn't the material canvassed in the recordings. You are answerable for the two components of the class. 4 Technology ? Understudies must approach the course site and have the option to download suitable materials from that website. In the event that you are having issues with get to, attempt an alternate program. Additionally, ensure that you have the latest rendition of Java introduced on your PC. ? Understudies are relied upon to utilize the product applications by means of the KSU Citrix server so as to finish schoolwork and different assignments. The site is https://science-citrix2. kennesaw. edu/Citrix/XenApp/auth/login. aspx ? The Excel Manual spreads Excel 2010. We will just utilize 2010 in class, If you don't have 2010 or 2007, you should utilize a school PC or the Excel program offered on the Citrix server. There is next to zero distinction in Excel 2007 and Excel 2010. Similar guidelines will work for both. ? Understudies will require a media player introduced on their PCs. In the event that you don’t have one, you can download one free on the web. A few sites where you may get these are recorded beneath: VLC http://www. videolan. organization/vlc/KSU has free programming downloads for understudies. Visit the site and see what is accessible for you. https://applications. kennesaw. edu/entryway/nudge/app_uni_sso/login. asp ? In the event that you utilize a Mac, you will locate that a portion of the functionalities of Excel are not the equivalent, or may not work. In the event that this transpires, use Citrix, discover a companion with a PC or utilize one of the school PCs. This isn't a reason for your schoolwork item to be second rate or late. On the off chance that you have innovation issues, o Call the IT help work area, 770-499-3555 or visit the stroll in STS Helpdesk, BB475. o For D2L, call 866-588-5293. o For Citrix, round out a ticket utilizing the connection on the sign in page. In the event that you don't get a reaction inside 24 hours, let me know and I will check with them for you. ? 5 Classroom Policies Procedures 1. The teacher holds the accompanying desires for all understudies. (a) Show regard for different class individuals consistently. (b) Uphold the University Code of Conduct. (c)Participate in class exercises so as to boost learning open doors for yourself as well as other people. (d) Arrive to class on schedule and arranged This incorporates both scholastic planning (I. e. , having finished required readings and watched the doled out recordings, being set up to talk about points and in any case take an interest in class exercises when fitting) 2. The understudies name, â€Å"STAT 3010. 01, the date, and the task type and number (e. g. , â€Å"HW3) ought to show up at the upper right hand corner of the TITLE page of all items submitted to the educator for assessment. 3. Ringing mobile phones won't go on without serious consequences in class. In the event that you choose to bring your mobile phone to class, SILENCE it and set it aside (far out). Messaging, and so forth in class will bring about the understudy being reques

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

â€Å"How would i be able to portray my feelings at this fiasco, or depict the blackguard whom with such endless agonies and care I had attempted to form?† (Shelley, 42) In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein, who has burned through two long years working in Ingolstadt to make this logical wonder referred to just as â€Å"the monster,† wrongly expect that his creation is unadulterated shrewdness. Frankenstein arrives at this resolution without permitting the beast to exhibit his thoughtful heart. In the long run, the beast goes on a mass slaughtering binge in light of Victor’s adverse mental disregard. Victor’s disregard is brought about by his disdain of any individual who is not normal for himself. Victor likewise ignores the monster’s right to a genuine name, just alluding to him utilizing disgusting names, for example, â€Å"wretch,† â€Å"thing,† and â€Å"catastrophe.† Thus, the monster’s empathe tic characteristics, including empathy, steadfastness, and knowledge complexity to the pitiable attributes of his maker, making the frightful references significantly more reasonable for Victor. In contrast to Victor, the beast shows extraordinary empathy in spite of his shocking appearance. For example, he exhibits his adoration for others during his time spent watching Felix and Agatha while in the town. He wishes â€Å"to come back to the cottagers, whose story energized in [him] such different sentiments of resentment, joy, and marvel, yet which all ended in extra love and veneration for [his] protectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (106) Even however the beast had never really met the De Lacey family, his capacity to feel sympathy is demonstrated through his affection for them just for their superb hearts and kind activities. In doing this, he shows more love for a group of outsiders than Victor would ever have for his own family. He additionally shows genuine love for these â€Å"protectors† by not slaughtering Felix during their battle. Despite what might be expected, Victor shows an absence of empathy for his creation after the beast mentioned a female partner. Because of the monster’s understanding, reasonable request, Victor shouts, â€Å"Shall I make another such as yourself, whose joint evil may destroy the world. Begone!† (130) In this silly refusal of a genuine solicitation, Victor demonstrates unequivocally that his actual affections for the beast are those of unjustified disdain and contempt. He has no reason for these sentiments other than that of his undying bias against the beast. Because of the restricting feelings represented by producer and creation, both are in consistent clash with one another and in this way can never live in agreement.

Symptoms and Factors of Dementophobia

Symptoms and Factors of Dementophobia Phobias Types Print Symptoms and Factors of Dementophobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 14, 2019 Tim Brown / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of madness is generally known as dementophobia. People who suffer from this fear are afraid that they are going insane or losing touch with reality. The fear may be triggered by a family history of mental illness or periods of severe stress. Mental Illness and Stigmatization Mental illness has long been associated with confinement, painful treatments, and public derision. At various points in history, those suffering from a mental illness were thought to be possessed by evil spirits, voluntarily acting out, or simply uncontrollable. Only in the late 20th century did the medical establishment and the general public begin to recognize mental illness as a treatable medical condition. History of Depression If you have older relatives who went through the early or mid-20th-century asylums, you may fear to undergo the same treatment. Although treatment protocols have changed rapidly, the stories of surviving inmates are often chilling. You might also be afraid of social stigmatization. Some mental illnesses cause tics, vocal outbursts, and socially inappropriate behaviors. While stigmatization is not as common as it was, it does exist. You may fear losing friends and family or being embarrassed in front of strangers due to mental illness. Common Symptoms Those suffering from a phobia of going mad often exhibit the following symptoms: Severe depressionSocial withdrawalPanic attacksAnxietyHeadachesFeeling faintDizzinessNauseaExcessive sweatingHeart palpitationsBreathlessness Anxiety-Related Factors Depersonalization and derealization are subjective changes in perception. They are extremely common during panic attacks and times of intense stress  but can create a feeling of disconnectedness with the body and with the wider world. This feeling can lead to a feeling that youre going insane. Ironically, these factors can lead to a self-replicating cycle. A phobia of going insane can lead to panic attacks, which can further heighten the conviction that you are, in fact, going insane. Therapy may be the only way to break this cycle. Statistics show that those who have a relative with a mental illness are more likely to develop a similar illness. The knowledge that you are at a somewhat higher risk of developing mental illness can further add to the fear. Getting Help Phobias are often treated with a mix of medications and therapy. Therapists generally draw from a variety of cognitive-behavioral techniques to help sufferers challenge their beliefs about mental illness and ultimately develop healthier ways of thinking. Psychoeducation, in which you learn more about specific mental illnesses, is often helpful. Your therapist may also work with you to explore the meaning that your fear has to you. The goal of treatment is usually to help you understand the complex issues involved with the fear in order to minimize the fearful feelings and emotions.

The Concept of International New Ventures - 620 Words

Week 1 HIA Explain how the article builds on the seminal work of Oviatt and McDougall in their paper,. Describe and analyze the factors identified in the Zahra article as giving competitive advantage to new firms in the globalized economy. Do you agree that these are the key factors underlying success in the international business environment? Give reasons for your answer. International New Ventures (INV)are firms who target the international market while lunching their operations (Shenkar and Luo P 11) unlike the traditionally operating firms who target the domestic market before exporting to other countries. In their article, â€Å"Toward a Theory of International New Ventures†, published in 1994 Oviatt and McDougall defined the†¦show more content†¦The major factors overlooked by Oviatt and McDougall, and which build the competitive advantage are - according to Zahra- : 1- The Institutional environment 2- The economic Geography These factors consist in studying the country’s culture, assessing the market, hiring locals and establishing work contacts. In addition to that, Zahra considers that INV’s managers should demonstrate a high degree of openness and flexibility thus allowing the firm to function in the foreign environment. The same critics that Zahra has addressed to Oviatt and McDougall’s analysis applies on his list of factors contributing to the INV’s competitive advantage. We should acknowledge that every country has some economic or cultural specificity; therefore there are some universal business rules which apply on the entire global market. The traditional firms, who possesses years of local market experience, ownership and abundance of their resources are more qualified to compete on the international level. Therefore I believe that the INV’s should considerShow MoreRelatedThe Key Term And Why You Are Interested924 Words   |  4 Pagesterm, joint ventures. This concept is of interest because in today’s business environment due to the economy downfall, many organizations recourse to this strategy in order to easily infiltrate in a foreign market. Companies are seeking more opportunities to expand their market share and a joint venture is an attractive option to do so. Getting involved with a foreign market come with several obstacles and challenges. It is for the same reason that organizations engage in a joint venture whit a partnerRead MoreThe Internationalization Of International Marketing1524 Words   |  7 PagesInternational marketing is an area in which exact work by professionals is regularly more advanced and perceptive than academic contributions (Wind, 1979). For the expansion of international marketing, firms require both general learning and market-specific l earning. Market-specific knowledge is picked up principally through involvement in the business sector, while learning of the operations can be exchanged starting with one nation then onto the next (Andersen, 1993). For experiential knowledgeRead MoreStrategic Alliance : Strategic Alliances1241 Words   |  5 Pagesexpertise between partners as well as the reduction of risk and costs in areas such as relationships with suppliers and the development of new products and technologies. strategic alliance is sometimes equated with a joint venture, but an alliance may involve competitors, and generally has a shorter life span. Strategic partnership is a closely related concept. This article analyzes definition of strategic alliance, its benefits, types, process of formation, and provides a few cases studies of strategicRead MoreInternational Entry Options for Horizontal Growth964 Words   |  4 PagesINTERNATIONAL ENTRY OPTIONS FOR HORIZONTAL GROWTH When a firm grows internationally it is positively associated with profitability of the firm. 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Generic strategies: We will be discussing and defining the generic strategies used by Hyundai and other companies inRead MoreMod2 Week 1 Hand in Assignment Review of Oviatt and Mcdougals Toward a Theory of International New Ventures836 Words   |  4 PagesREVIEW OF OVIATT AND McDOUGALS Toward a Theory of International New Ventures Oviatt and Mcdougall in their paper, Toward a Theory of International New Ventures, tried to identify and define International New Ventures in the context of the global marketplace. Their work gained global acclaim in its bid to pose questions about the validity of existing theory on internalization. A decade later, Zahra’s work titled â€Å"A theory of international new ventures: A decade of research† attempts to build on prominentRead MoreGlobalization : A Global Organization1710 Words   |  7 Pagespractices wherever they come from (Gupta, 1999). Now that many organizations have realized that the consumer market is growing all around the world and competition is no long in one single country, it is imperative they develop a global mindset. The concept of a global mindset has become a necessary component of long-standing competitive advantage in the global market. In order to completely understand a global mindset it is important to understand the definition and to take a deep dive into companiesRead MoreEntry Mode : Marketing Management868 Words   |  4 PagesFranchising Joint Venture Greenfield Control Low Moderate High Risk Low High-moderate High Investment Low Medium High Exposure Low Moderate High Firstly, it is important to remember the current situation of Trader Joe’s in USA, the company has over 400 stores in 30 states and is the leader in customer service in USA. However, the company is not on the top ten supermarkets in sales category. Additionally, Trader Joe’s just operates in USA and does not have experience in other international markets. (PetersonRead MoreDegusa Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pageswould also face the choice of mode of entry: greenfield, joint venture or acquisition. FDI or non-FDI? We can find multiple reasons within OLI framework (Dunning, 2000) for Degussa to go with FDI in China. In terms of ownership (O) of valuable competitive advantages we should mention advanced product technology (high standard products including proprietary products and over 300 patent families), process technology (â€Å"Perfect Plant† concept introduced in all its plants for improved cost efficiency) andRead MoreNegotiation Report Med Lee1070 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- International Negotiations and Bargaining 1. What, in general, did you learn about negotiation from the exercise? What surprised you? What would you do differently if you had a chance to do the exercise again? The MedLee: In Pursuit of a joint venture negotiation exercise refers to a joint venture between a US Company and a Family Thai Business Company. I had the role of Pat Armstrong (Med Device Representative: Director of International Strategic Market Research)

Midterm Essay Experiences Alter The Perception Of Time.

Midterm Essay: Experiences Alter the Perception of Time Imagine that there was a power outage throughout the night, causing your alarm clock to restart. Now you are late for work, which gets you in trouble with your boss. So now you are sitting at work anxiously waiting to clock out due to this terrible day. Thinking that it’s been hours since the last time you looked at the clock, but in reality only ten minutes have passed. As this common situation used personal perception that, altered the reality of physical time. This is a prime example why I believe that time is perceived only through the construction of events rather than the physical time used. Although physical time is commonly used; each individual has their own ability to†¦show more content†¦Then by organizing, the mind is able to produce a design or a pattern that is equal to the sensation, allowing recollection. Allowing the mind to interrupt the sensation as to how it would relate to you, or what it will mean to you when later retrieved (Chaffee; ch. 4). . As stated by Robin Le Poidevin in the article The Experience and Perception of Time: â€Å"It is certainly not associated with one particular sense. In fact, it seems odd to say that we see, hear or touch time passing. And indeed, even if all our senses were prevented from functioning for a while, we could still notice the passing of time through the changing pattern of our thought.† Le Poidevin mentions in the article about the perception of time passing being something that we cannot perceive based on our senses. Highlighting the fact that time is analyzed by the mind, and it’s thought processing abilities. Also revealing that no matter what happens in the physical senses, our mind will have the ability to perceive the time. Although it is the past perceived senses that make up each individuals thought process. This process of thought can be expressed as Mind-Independence. The term Mind-Independence is the minds ability to process familiar perceptible things, things that we admit as part of common sense ontology (Crane, â€Å"The Problem of Perception†). Allowing the mind to understand the past experiencesShow MoreRelatedHappiness Is Not The Top Of The Mountain Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesnot the top of the mountain as me and Sisyphus from Albert Camus’s philosophical essay initially assumed. Projecting happiness in the future prevents us from experiencing happiness of the present. We tend to waste time longing for the mountain while happiness hides in each corner. Nonetheless, there is one trouble with happiness: it is often invisible and needs to be seized. I believe that an appropriate perception can recognize covered happiness. Mind and thought play a more important role in creatingRead MoreIs Happiness Worth Pursuing? Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesnot the top of the mountain as me and Sisyphus from Albert Camus’s philosophical essay initially assumed. Projecting happiness in the future prevents us from ex periencing happiness of the present. We tend to waste time longing for the mountain while happiness hides in each corner. Nonetheless, there is one trouble with happiness: it is often invisible and needs to be seized. I believe that an appropriate perception can be recognize covered happiness. Mind and thought play a more important role inRead MoreGrading System Rationale6250 Words   |  25 Pagesthe same grade level within the same school. In essence, grading is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students achievement or performance over a specified period of time, such as nine weeks, an academic semester, or entire school year. 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To be an effective teacher, they must use dynamism and enthusiasm each and every day, this includes: conveying their love for the field and having an aura of self-confidence. They will also keep students engaged and motivated at all times. This may include general knowledge, however, it is a rather difficult job and is critical within the profession for a class to run smoothly. One of the most appropriate way to keep the students engaged and motivated includes; encouraging and alwaysRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR

Tata Travel Trailer Free Essays

The purchase budget and cash budget are lot simpler, since the amount related to production Is the same every month. The budgets assuming stable production benefit the production department, the purchase department, and the human resource department. It helps all these departments easily manage all kinds of resources and activities on a stable level. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Travel Trailer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disadvantage of preparing master budgets assuming stable productions: 1. If sales are seasonal, stable productions may cause inventory under stock during the best sales season and may cause inventory overstock during the poor sales season. It would Increase the Inventory and additional finance needed. Data should plan the production budgets based on sales forecast. In order to encourage the manager’s to work as a team, Tat’s bonus system could set an overall goal, for example, the net Income. The bonus will be earned 10% If overall goal Is reached. Second, Data should prepare flexible budgets to estimate total cost for the different levels of satellites. For example, to access purchase budget performance, compare the actual purchase with the budget recess on ten same production level. It could Aviva punishing ten purchase manger in order to keeping the amount of raw material on hand policy set by production manager. Using flexible purchase budget holds responsibility for variances only under purchase manager’s control and truly reflect the efficiency and actual performance. Third, other measurement should be in a place in order to attain the organization’s overall performance. For sales manager, the percentage of retiree customers in total sales is used to measure the continuing sales growth for Data. For production manager, the warranty expense and customer’s complaints for poor quality can be used to measure how well Tat’s products meet the market expectation. For the purchase manager, handling material in time can be used to measure to ensure Tat’s production is under schedule. Also the Just-in-time vendor contract can be used to measure the performance of purchase manager, since it would lower the material cost. For finance manager, loan management can be used to measure the performance, since Tat’s uneven sale, managing cash inflow and outflow are important for Data to meet payments due. How to cite Tata Travel Trailer, Papers

Tata Travel Trailer Free Essays

The purchase budget and cash budget are lot simpler, since the amount related to production Is the same every month. The budgets assuming stable production benefit the production department, the purchase department, and the human resource department. It helps all these departments easily manage all kinds of resources and activities on a stable level. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Travel Trailer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disadvantage of preparing master budgets assuming stable productions: 1. If sales are seasonal, stable productions may cause inventory under stock during the best sales season and may cause inventory overstock during the poor sales season. It would Increase the Inventory and additional finance needed. Data should plan the production budgets based on sales forecast. In order to encourage the manager’s to work as a team, Tat’s bonus system could set an overall goal, for example, the net Income. The bonus will be earned 10% If overall goal Is reached. Second, Data should prepare flexible budgets to estimate total cost for the different levels of satellites. For example, to access purchase budget performance, compare the actual purchase with the budget recess on ten same production level. It could Aviva punishing ten purchase manger in order to keeping the amount of raw material on hand policy set by production manager. Using flexible purchase budget holds responsibility for variances only under purchase manager’s control and truly reflect the efficiency and actual performance. Third, other measurement should be in a place in order to attain the organization’s overall performance. For sales manager, the percentage of retiree customers in total sales is used to measure the continuing sales growth for Data. For production manager, the warranty expense and customer’s complaints for poor quality can be used to measure how well Tat’s products meet the market expectation. For the purchase manager, handling material in time can be used to measure to ensure Tat’s production is under schedule. Also the Just-in-time vendor contract can be used to measure the performance of purchase manager, since it would lower the material cost. For finance manager, loan management can be used to measure the performance, since Tat’s uneven sale, managing cash inflow and outflow are important for Data to meet payments due. How to cite Tata Travel Trailer, Papers

Madison Bells Ten Indians free essay sample

An analysis of the novel Ten Indians by Madison Bell. This paper provides an analysis of the novel, which deals with the problems of drugs, violence and despair, and asks the question, Can society repair itself? The paper addresses this theme through an examination of the main character, a psychiatrist attempting to make a difference in an inner-city ghetto. The story Ten Indians is set in the town of Baltimore and is set to relate the story of Mike Devlin who is a psychiatrist and yet, his own personal conflicts are creating turmoil within himself and his practice. Bell creates Devlin as a man who is isolated even in a crowd and who is unable to reconcile his inner and outer realities. His perceptions of events at times deceive him and the consequences are tragic. Within our society is seen the presence of drugs, violence, and despair which seem to be so deeply ingrained in the culture that there is no solution to making things better. We will write a custom essay sample on Madison Bells Ten Indians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A lack of jobs and a welfare system that keeps people alive but provides little hope further inhibits social change and so arises the question can anything truly be changed? Or are the problems so intractable that keeping people alive is the best that can be done?

The eNotes Blog Beautiful Bookish Advertisements From Israel’s Oldest BookstoreChain

Beautiful Bookish Advertisements From Israel’s Oldest BookstoreChain Steimatzky, founded way back in 1925 in Tel-Aviv,  collaborated with GREY Group ad agency in 2013 to create ads that captured the imaginative nature and adventure  of books. They feature the readers falling asleep and sweetly snoozing next to their novels characters. These even make taking a nap with Stalin look charming! Check them out, and let us know your favorites (or books/characters that would make compelling ads  you think they missed)  in the comments! Harry Potter IMHO but thats always a given with me. The Fellowship of the Ring   by J.R.R. Tolkein The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari   by  Robin Sharma Pippi Longstocking   by  Astrid Lindgren Stalin: A Biography   by Robin Service The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes   by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Don Quixote   by  Miguel De Cervantes and Edith Grossman and this (kind of horrifying, yet effective) anti-ad for television. Hopefully HBO and Netflix Original Series are immune, otherwise were all probably doomed for this unfortunate tiny head  disease.

Monosyllable - Definition and Examples

Monosyllable s A monosyllable is a  word or an utterance of one syllable. Adjective: monosyllabic. Contrast with  polysyllable.   In linguistics, monosyllables are most commonly studied in the fields of phonology  and morphology. Unlike a lexical monosyllable (such as dog, run, or big), a grammatical (or functional) monosyllable (such as the definite article the) has no semantic content. Etymology:  From the Greek, one syllable Examples and Observations For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbors, and laugh at them in our turn?(Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, 1813)[M]any of the finest passages in our language are nearly, if not altogether, monosyllabic. Indeed, it could not well be otherwise, if it be true that, as Dean Swift has remarked, the English language is overstocked with monosyllables. . . . Floy has written a lengthy and very ingenious article, entirely in monosyllables, in which he undertakes, as he says, to prove that short words, in spite of the sneer in the text, need not creep, nor be dull, but that they give strength, and life, and fire to the verse of those who know how to use them.(Gleanings From the Harvest-Fields of Literature, Science and Art: A Melange of Excerpta, Curious, Humorous, and Instructive, edited by Charles C. Bombaugh. T. Newton Kurtz, 1860) Small words can be crisp, brief, tersego to the point, like a knife. They have a charm all their own. They dance, twist, turn, sing. Like sparks in the night, they light the way for the eyes of those who read. They are the grace notes of prose. You know what they say the way you know a day is bright and fairat first sight. And you find, as you read, that you like the way they say it. Small words are gay. And they can catch large thoughts and hold them up for all to see, like rare stones in rings of gold, or joy in the eyes of a child. Some make you feel, as well as see: the cold deep dark of night, the hot salt sting of tears.(Joseph Ecclesine, Advice to Scientistsin Words of One Syllable. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 1965)Good friend, thou hast no cause to say so yet;But thou shalt have; and creep time neer so slow,Yet it shall come, for me to do thee good.I had a thing to say. But let it go.​(William Shakespeare, King John Act III, scene 3)And God said, Let t here be light: and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good.(Genesis I) Lifes more than breath, and the quick round of bloodWe live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breathsWe should count time by heart-throbs. He most livesWho thinks mostfeels the noblestacts the best.Lifes but a means unto an end.(Philip James Bailey, Festus, 1839) The Lighter Side of Monosyllables Louisa Glasson:  Underneath the gruff,   monosyllabic, well-meaning but rude person, youre . . . gruff, monosyllabic, and, well, rude.Dr. Martin Ellingham:  What about well-meaning? ​(Caroline Catz and Martin Clunes, Erotomania.  Doc Martin, 2006) Pronunciation: MON-oh-sil-eh-bel

Global issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global issues - Assignment Example It had proved to be rather tenable, when used partially, as it was in the post-war Britain, where sacred nature of private property and private enterprises were combined with nationalized industries; in other words, in the mixed economy. Keynes’ purpose, to the contrary, was to subject economy to the governmental central planning. His position implied that the government should take control over the key industrial and economy sectors, regulating them – particularly, via price control. However, this purpose wasn’t achieved to the full extent, as the ideas began to collapse with growth of inflation, unemployment, poverty and extreme forms of governmental control – totalitarian, like in Nazis’ Germany – posing a threat to democracy. His theory had proved to be efficient for wartime but ineffective in the time of peace. However, Keynes remained among the most influential economists of the 20th century. The term â€Å"Commanding Heights† was first mentioned in the speech pronounced by Lenin regarding the key sectors of economy that should be run by the government. To my thinking, governments should own commanding heights only partially to avoid excessive control over economy. There is a huge plus in the global economy, which is absence of boundaries in mutual help, and this is illustrated by operation of numerous international economic organizations like International Monetary Fund. However, there should still be at least partial control over the national economies to prevent negative side effects of globalization; therefore, mixed economy seems the most tenable

Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different Essay

Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different perspectives on change within organizations - Essay Example Organizational change has become the popular management theme. The main question whether organizational change is desirable is positively answered by most of the authors. But at the same time the authors do not go with the same kind of changes and on the basis of their different views, the reason for undergoing change also varies. But these authors have in common their support for change in a positive and rational manner. According to Boonstra there are two common approaches which are applied to achieve the desired changes in the organization. Therefore the two approaches are planned change and organizational development approach. These approaches are based on the assumption that an organization needs to be balanced both internally that is within the organization and secondly with the outside world. The change process can be well planned in a rational manner and can be controlled by means such as analysis of the environment, formulation of the goal, development and implementation of strategy. Feedback and interventions plays a role in controlling the change process (Ven, 2011, p.5). In many organizations there still exists a mismatch between the actual working practice and the current realities of the workforce of the organization. One of the reasons for mismatch is the traditional way of working which tends to overlook the diversity of the work culture. A growing number of men and women likes to work in a way which allows them to fulfil their needs and also spend quality time with their family members or can even take part in the other social activities. For example the European workers work in a way that allows them to have a life of their own beyond work. Also a study in Britain revealed that the profession of a Chartered Accountant which generally demands long working hours, most of the youngsters is resisting the work dominated lifestyles of their seniors. The youngster believes that they can work more effectively if they have the opportunity to integrate their professional and personal life. But in reality these benefits tends to be constrain for the organization and it assumes that an ideal employee have no responsibilities beyond work. However it is not only the com position of workforce that is changing but the nature of the job is at a flux. With an increase in the globalization of each sector, people are experiencing an intensification of work. Thus it is not always possible to hold back change but the forces of change can be well utilized or viewed in a positive way (Lewis & Cooper, 2005, p.4). About more than 70% of the change initiatives in the organization either fail or stall prematurely. The goals set are not achieved, policies are not implemented as well as the customers do not experience any changes or improvement in the organizations services air quality of the products. And in the process the employees, staff and the middle men gets confused with the entire change process. It has been found out that in USA majority of the change implemented no do succeed and turns out to be in vain. Thus it can be said that organizational change are difficult and the reason provided for difficulty in adoption of change includes, policy making and strategic management, the exiting structure of the organization, politics and power in organization, the culture of the organization and uncertainties of individual and resistance to change (Boonstra, 2004, p. 2). Significant change does occur within the organization, such as when a certain

Compare and Contrast Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper

Compare and Contrast Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper Positivists regarded empirical observation freed of preconceptions as the means by which facts were obtained and explained. This view, however, has been greatly contested since the Vienna Circles avid pursuance of it. The main problems include its inability to be checked and criticised by the scientific community members. In other words, they are subjective, fallible and thus unreliable.  [1]  It is this initial discontent with positivism, especially with logical positivism which prompted Karl Popper to develop his Theory of Falsifiability, a theory which no longer relies on induction but on deduction, which accepts that truth is not attainable and which casts theories aside which have been refuted by only a single piece of empirical evidence. Falsification is also a demarcation between science and non-science, something which has proved to be very controversial. Thomas Kuhn, perhaps the most well known critic of Poppers work, does not believe in induction or deduction as methods through which science progresses. Instead, he introduces the concept of normal science, revolutionary science and paradigms. The differences between these two mens work will be analysed, the implications of each for the conduct of social sciences commented upon and the work of Imre Lakatos, a twentieth century philosopher of mathematics and science, highlighted in order to illustrate just how much both philosophers resonate in the social sciences as a whole. Karl Popper, Positivism and his Theory of Falsifiability Karl Popper was first and foremost a philosopher of the natural sciences,  [2]  his knowledge of the social sciences being limited basically to economics.  [3]  With that in mind, one understands why he agreed with Rudolph Carnap in advocating that philosophy should learn from how the natural sciences operate. He believed scientists should adopt a critical attitude, willing to incessantly test their views with empirical evidence and rational discussion which the Vienna Circle had so avidly promoted. However, Popper was soon to highlight flaws with positivism, especially with logical positivism. These were, in particular, its dedication to the principles of inductivism and verificationism. Inductivists claim that via induction, one is able to obtain secure scientific knowledge and that the inference is legitimate if a significant number of singular or observational statements are gathered under a wide variety of circumstances.  [4]  In order to maintain the empirical certainty of inferences obtained through the deductive method, the universal law premise must be empirically certain.  [5]  However, as Popper pointed out, one has no assurance that any universal empirical proposition is certain. For Popper, the problem of induction was insurmountable, contesting that if science is empirical its [] laws must be treated as tentative hypotheses.  [6]   Popper accepted the Humean critique of induction, claiming not only that it is never used by scientists but that observation, believed to be an initial step in the formulation of theories, is misguided  [7]  . Hume also pointed out that observation is selective and theory-laden and thus one can never make pure or free observations.  [8]  Popper, however, disagreed with Hume over whether knowledge could be rationally justified. Hume saw inductively inferred laws as merely an account of habit or custom, (suggesting that) even scientific knowledge is irrational.  [9]  Popper, on the other hand, in order to avoid statements allowing empirical evidence to confirm false theories, believed that induction could be replaced by deduction. Deduction draws inferences about the premises from the observed falsity of the conclusion.  [10]  To justify this, he argued that though even with a body of empirical evidence, one can never be absolutely certain about the validity of a theory , it takes only one empirical rebuttal to determine the falsity of a theory. Popper denominated this the asymmetry between verifiability and falsifiability  [11]  , a difference which became the centrepiece of his philosophy of science. Scientists begin with universal statements and initial conditions from which they deduce hypotheses which will then be subsequently tested. If they withstand the test, the theory will survive; if falsified, the theory is abandoned. Falsifiability, according to Popper, is the criterion of demarcation between science, or the empirical sciences and the non-science. There are, however, degrees of falsifiability. The more information a statement contains, the larger its body of observational statements and therefore, the higher its degree of falsification. According to Popper, scientists should aim at highly refutable theories instead of modestly falsifiable ones. It is preferable for the theory to be bold, precise and simple  [12]  as their empirical content will be greater and therefore there will be a larger body of potential falsifiers. Poppers definite break with logical positivism appears in their search of certainty: the positivists aimed to specify methods that would generate certain knowledge  [13]  whilst in Poppers view, one can only hope to improve what must always remain imperfect  [14]  as future tests could cast doubt over what was previously thought of as true. If we take Poppers approach to the search for truth, it would initially appear that there are an endless number of possible true theories.  [15]  However, Popper addresses that by explaining his notion of verisimilitude. The scientific process of trial and error which Popper advocates creates a greater approximation of the truth, or increases the verisimilitude of the theory. Popper, Marxism and Pseudo-Science The young Popper had been attracted to the apparent strength of theories such as Freuds psychoanalysis and Adlers individual psychology. These theories were regarded as capable of explaining virtually everything related to human behaviour as verifications were found to justify every advancement. Popper, however, was soon to discover a major flaw in them: they could not be refuted. Freud was therefore severely criticised by Popper for producing immunised theories against falsification. A theory unable to be falsified belongs, in Poppers view, to a non-science. His drastic approach towards pseudo-science was also extended to Marxism, especially the Marxism that Neurath had brought to the Vienna Circle. Neurath interpreted Marxian materialism as epsitemically equivalent to his own physicalism  [16]  and hailed Engels and Marx as having produced the foundations of a truly scientific study of society. In Poppers opinion, this could not have been further from the truth. The problem with Marx was not only that he was considered a historicist, but that he was a utopian too. Marxism, initially considered as a science because of its predictive nature, was soon re-classified as fundamentally non-scientific. The predictions Marx had made had not been borne out and in order to save it from falsification and refutation, ad hoc hypotheses were added, making the theory compatible with facts. These factors prompted Popper to adopt falsifiability as his criterion for demarcation between science and non-science. If a theory, according to Popper, is capable of being falsified or, in other words, is incompatible with empirical evidence, it is considered as scientific. If, on the other hand, a theory is compatible with all observations and is capable of explaining virtually everything be it because, as with the case of Marxism, it has been modified to accommodate newly made observations or, because, as in the case of psychoanalysis, it is indeed consistent with all observations made and to be made in the future, it is categorised as unscientific.  [17]  It is thi s criterion which characterises Poppers theory of falsifiability and which was soon criticised. Implications for the Social Sciences Popper helps demolish one of the notions positivism embraces, namely that science progresses from the observation of data by means of experiments. These experiments are verified when repeated allowing general laws about the nature of reality to be inferred. Popper, therefore, shows that progress is made not by verifying facts, but by attempts of falsifying the results of other theories.  [18]  The theories of science, he argues, are conjectures to solve problems and cannot be verified by empirical evidence.  [19]  The switch from induction to deduction also means that rather than proceeding from the particular to the universal, science originates from the universal (i.e. scientific hypotheses) to the particular.  [20]   Sander Thomas Kuhns Theory of Paradigms Thomas Kuhn began his career as a physicist and then turned his attention towards the history of science where his preconceptions about natural history were shattered  [21]  . His Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) was developed as an attempt to give a theory more in keeping with the historical situation as (Kuhn) saw it  [22]  . Unlike Popper, his main aim was not to provide guidelines to scientists about how to proceed or to develop a normative philosophy of science. The central concern of his thesis was to characterise the way in which science historically develops and to explain why scientists have operated in such a way. Kuhns Structure of Scientific Revolutions has been one of the most provocative (pieces of work) to appear in the last fifteen years  [23]  , offering the most sophisticated alternative to Popper.  [24]  Science, in his opinion, does not progress inductively as positivists would maintain nor by falsification as Popper would argue. Alternatively, Kuhn places focus on the revolutionary character of scientific process, where a revolution involves the abandonment of one theoretical structure and its replacement by another, incompatible one. Kuhns approach to the way science progresses can be summarised by the following open-ended scheme: pre-science normal science crisis revolution new normal science new crisis  [25]   According to Kuhn, the pre-science stage is a disorganised and diverse activity preceding the formation of science. It eventually becomes structured, directed and channelled when a single paradigm emerges and is adhered to by the scientific community. As will be discussed below, the concept of paradigms itself has been subjected to heavy criticism, not least because of its ambiguous nature. However, vaguely, one can postulate that paradigms contain some very general methodological prescriptions  [26]  to guide scientific work. Paradigms also serve a regulative function in directing future research.  [27]  Workers within a specific paradigm whether it be Newtonian mechanics or wave optics practise what Kuhn denominates normal science. As professed in Structure of Scientific Revolutions, normal science is: research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.  [28]   Normal science is inextricably characterised by a dominant paradigm, something that Popper quickly picked up upon as irrational and superficial.  [29]  In normal science the scientists work is devoted to the articulation and wider application of the accepted paradigm.  [30]  In other words, their main aim is to fill out what is suggested by the accepted paradigm.  [31]  It is therefore clear that little emphasis is placed upon normal science and research to produce major novelties as a primary aim. Kuhn, in effect, reduces Poppers falsification theory to problem solving within the confines of normal science. According to Kuhn, science is merely a set of puzzles whose solutions are to be found within the operating paradigm  [32]  . Normal scientists do not actively look for anomalies which the content of their paradigm will be hard-pressed to solve. However, when a recurrent anomaly does arise which the paradigm is unable to resolve, crisis will break out. During such a crisis, extraordinary science occurs characterised by a plurality of views and a challenge to the fundamentals of the paradigm. The crisis will then be resolved when a completely new paradigm emerges which has the capacity to resolve the previous, problematic anomalies and, in doing so, attract the allegiance of a growing scientific community until eventually the paradigm posing the problem is abandoned. Therefore, the new paradigm not only has to be able to resolve the anomaly, it also has to be subsequently accepted as normal science, thus establishing a new consensus. A scientific revolution according to Kuhn is constituted by discontinuous change  [33]  as the newly adopted paradigm will be confronted with problems it is unable to resolve and thus the never-ending cycle continues. Kuhn and Popper The Structure of Scientific Revolutions soon became problematic to reconcile with Poppers theory of falsification as Kuhns historical account about how scientists operate came into conflict with Poppers work. The emphasis Kuhn placed on scientific communities, their rules and expectations, was used to explain why scientists were not always willing to refute and actively search for falsifications of their theories. Unlike what Popper claimed, the scientific communities would not question the paradigm they work within until a particular anomaly was repeated. Instead, they might question their own calculations or instruments implemented, but never the broader framework they operate within.  [34]   Poppers reaction to Kuhns severe criticism was veritably weak. He simple asserted that Kuhns accurate historical account of science clashes with the facts as I see them.  [35]  According to Kuhn, falsification has not been in use in the past for the reasons highlighted above. Poppers rebuttal to this was that he, unlike Kuhn, had not focused on providing a historical account but on providing guidelines for future scientists. He also criticises Kuhn for producing a highly selected theory, one which disregarded large chunks of normal science.   [36]   Popper also criticised Kuhn for paving the way for irrationalism and relativism,  [37]  the reason for this lying in two of Kuhns statements. Firstly, the fact that Kuhn equated the switch in paradigms to a gestalt switch or a religious conversion because he believed in a holistic theory of meaning  [38]  means that it is very difficult to compare scientific theories. Secondly, because of Kuhns cynical approach to verisimilitude and his belief that we never get closer to the truth, his explanation on how science progresses seems ill-founded. In these contexts, Popper criticises Kuhn of adhering to the myth of framework which presupposes that rational and critical discussions can only take place if fundamentals are agreed upon. Popper strongly disagrees with this concept, as with the belief that science will not progress across paradigms and argues that different frameworks always have enough in common to allow the scientific community to compare and judge them, triggering pro gress. Other Criticisms of Kuhns Work Popper has not been alone in criticising aspects of Kuhns Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Bernstein succinctly puts the majority of the criticisms in his The Restructuring of Social and Political Theories  [39]  . The ambiguous nature of paradigms and the irrationality of the paradigm shift have been discussed above. Critics have also pinpointed Kuhns misrepresentation of the history of science  [40]  , the inaccurate description of normal science  [41]  and the exaggerated distinction between normal and revolutionary science  [42]  . In order to further show the relevance of Kuhns work to the social sciences, the vagueness of paradigms will be discussed, as the irrationality of paradigms has been explained above. When first introduced, Kuhn claimed paradigms were universally recognised scientific achievements that for a time provide model problems and solutions to a community of practitioners.  [43]  However, the elusive and slippery concept  [44]  of paradigm was shown when Kuhn acknowledges that he had been using the term paradigm in many ways  [45]  , citing Masterman who listed at least twenty two senses in which the term was used in the book.  [46]  To tackle the confusion created by his multiple use of paradigms, Kuhn proposes to replace it with a disciplinary matrix.  [47]  A disciplinary matrix includes the shared commitments of the community of scholars, the shared symbolic generalizations and [] the shared problems and solutions in the discipline.  [48]   Mark? Other Implications for Social Scientists. Even though Thomas Kuhn has been almost exclusively concerned with the natural sciences, social scientists have repeatedly claimed his work offers fresh illumination for understanding social sciences and theory.  [49]  Part of the reason for this is, as Kuhn himself pointed out, the fact that his work is regretfully [] too nearly all things to all people.  [50]   The revolutionary transformation in the use of observation as a means leading to theory has also had an impact on social scientists. Kuhns starting point for the formulation of theories is not reality but construction.  [51]  Kuhn contributed to demolishing [] positivism  [52]  not only by admitting revolutions in science involve the intrusion of non-scientific elements such as habits, customs or cultural values, but also in casting doubt over the possibility of attaining perfect knowledge and over the established idea that progress in science is cumulative. One of the most important consequences Kuhns work had for the social sciences was the significance he attributed to the role played by the sociological characteristics of scientific communities. Kuhn turned away from the search for an ideal methodology to the study of science by scientific means and, in doing so, invigorated the empirical study of science.  [53]  Finally, Kuhn may have hastened the demise of positivism by prompting and then influencing the naturalisation of epistemology, a movement which has become prominent through, for example, a conventionalistic and naturalistic study of science. Imre Lakatos: A Middle Man? By the late 1960s a great deal of the debate on the philosophy of science had come to focus on the difference between Kuhns paradigms and Poppers revision of positivism. Numerous epistemic doctrines entered this debate and different interpretations of Popper and Kuhns works emerged, reflecting the impact they had on their contemporary critics and their effect on the conduct of social science as a whole. Lakatos is one of the most prominent critics of their works, his critique generally considered as the most important attempt to place the post-empiricist theory of science somewhere between Popper and Kuhn.  [54]   Imre Lakatos at the outset appears to be a supporter of Poppers falsification theory. He strongly criticised Kuhn for his irrationalist and too general  [55]  concept of a revolution and his notion of a single, dominating paradigm. Lakatos defends Popper against the charge of naive falsificationism, the immediate discarding of a theory as soon as contradictory evidence is exposed. However, he goes beyond Popper in claiming that science progresses by sophisticated falsification which focuses on the comparative evaluation of whole research programs.  [56]   Sophisticated falsificationists realise that the conditions that a hypothesis should satisfy in order to be worthy of a scientists consideration [] alone are insufficient  [57]  and that the need for a hypothesis to be more falsifiable than the other it will replace is necessary for scientific progress. Thus, it is not single theories which are falsified but entire programs, embodying the notion of refutation [] not automatically lead(ing) to rejection.  [58]  Such an epistemic theory strikingly resembles Kuhns theory of paradigms. The difference between them only appears when closely examining Lakatos notion of research programs. According to Lakatos, every scientific research program has a hard core, a set of propositions that are immune from empirical tests  [59]  because they are surrounded by a protective belt of assumptions or conditions.  [60]  Though research programs and paradigms have been equated, Lakatos proposes that normal science be considered more as a research program for reasons of its general acceptability  [61]  and does not attribute the general status to it that Kuhnian paradigms have. Furthermore, the transition from one research program to another is the product of rational exploration of rival methodologies  [62]  and not, as Kuhn implied, a mystical conversion  [63]  to a new ontology. Cultural values, historical events and other external factors are far less important in Lakatos eyes and play little part in particular scientific theories or the choice of general research programs, levelling Kuhns theory down to critical rationalism.  [64]   Lakatos MSRP has not emerged without enticing criticisms. Firstly, he seems to have physics exclusively in mind when he developed his theory and when referring to science. Other natural sciences cannot as easily be accommodated to the Procrustean bed of the MSRP  [65]  and it is only economics which seems to offer the possibility of an easy fit.  [66]  As a model for the history of science, MSRP fails to meet the empirical test of general acceptability  [67]  . It is also limited in explaining how science works, failing to formulate the criteria needed to be employed for it to work. However, as Gordon highlights, the fact that Lakatos was flexible in not regarding former scientists as misguided in adopting theories that now would be considered irrational is a significant point of merit in Lakatos epistemic stance.  [68]  The MSRP model allows the possibility of gaining knowledge by using theories that are subsequently regarded as, in the absolute sense, false.  [69]    Conclusion As Lakatos claimed, The clash between Popper and Kuhn is not about a mere technical point in epistemology. It concerns our central intellectual values, and has implications not only for theoretical physics but also for the underdeveloped social sciences and even moral and political philosophy.  [70]   As seen with Sanders account, Popper has greatly influenced the political sciences, contributing to xxxx. Kuhns work, on the other hand, as Mark Smith rightly points out, has had a deep impact on the conduct of social sciences because of the vagueness and therefore adaptability of the term paradigms.  [71]  Despite their distinct approaches, however, both men have met with severe criticism, not only from each other, but from scientific colleagues and both have apparently failed to address these adequately.  [72]  It is therefore not surprising that xxxxxx

Professional Ethical Standards

Professional Ethical Standards in Criminal Justice Careers While researching a growing number of career potentials in the field of criminal justice, one sticks out more than the others. The field of practicing law and being a lawyer certainly created more interest than some of the others. An attorney has an interesting job, and the side of the law he/she chooses to practice proposes different ethical situations that would create potential dilemmas in everyday situations. Attorneys are people that are sometimes charged with the way other people’s lives are affected.With so many different areas of law to study, this paper will address the field of a defense attorney. There are many questions a person should ask before making the choice to enter into law school and move forward in this career path. Do I enjoy working closely with people regarding significant issues or events involving their lives? Can I empathize with a client’s situation, yet have the ability to objective ly analyze the issues and their consequences in light of the existing law? Do I enjoy educating or teaching a person about a subject which he or she may be ignorant or have serious misconceptions?Am I able to articulate in a clear and concise manner my analysis of a problem to others, whether it is verbally or in writing? Do I enjoy being an advocate? Can I argue both sides of the question with enthusiasm? Do I like detail work? Do I enjoy searching for the facts of a situation? Do I like to read and study? After answering these questions, one can determine whether he or she should pursue a career in law. A day in the life of a defense attorney includes important decisions and specific judgments that have to be made.A defense attorney typically will practice law by defending people accused of a crime or some other offense. A defense attorney has to be aware that he/she is defending a person that has been accused, has possibly broken the law, and is trying to be acquitted or absolved from wrong doing. While a defense attorney may know the truth about the crime the accused is defending against, it is the attorney’s job to put a reasonable doubt in the mind of a jury or judge and seek a judgment that suits the defense. The defense attorney must possess sharpened nalytical skills when examining a case, and be able to find the flaws in the prosecution’s charges against a client. A defense attorney also is responsible for billing for their time. A lawyer typically bills for his/her time by the hour, but that is also broken down into 6 minute increments. It is imperative that billable time is kept track of and is able to be proven to the client. In the State of Illinois there is a lengthy document named the 2010 Illinois Rules of Professional Conduct that is written and adapted by the Illinois State Supreme Court.While summarizing the document for the purpose of this essay would be exhausting, there is a preamble that outlines the basic code of ethics f or law professionals in the State of Illinois. There are a list of 21 responsibilities that a lawyer must be followed to uphold your responsibility to the bar association, the client and your profession. Lawyers in Illinois are a representative of their client, and have a responsibility for the quality of justice. A lawyer is expected to be an advisor to his clients and must provide the client with a clear understanding of legal rights and obligations in legal matters.In all matters a lawyer should be prompt, competent and diligent concerning a case, and should always maintain contact with the client. A lawyer’s conduct should always conform to the requirements of the law. As a public citizen, a lawyer should always look for improvement to laws, access to the justice system, and quality of service rendered by the legal profession. A lawyer should strive to attain the highest level of skill in their profession. The legal profession is largely self-governing, and is maintained because of the close working relationships of the courts.Lawyers play a vital role in the preservation of society; the fulfillment of this role requires an understanding by lawyers of their relationship to the legal system. These rules and an exhausting list of others are the code of ethics lawyers in Illinois are expected to abide by. There are many ethical dilemmas that can affect a lawyer on a daily basis. Lawyers face these dilemmas and are held to a higher standard when dealing with them. Since lawyers are expected to know the laws they are expected to e less susceptible to giving in to ethical situations. One of the most common ethical breaches for an attorney is a failure to be diligent or to communicate with clients. While this problem may be caused by several reasons, it seems there is a pattern that shows that some attorneys suffer from a depressive disorder. Even though lawyers know that lawyers must be diligent when communicating with their clients, they may have a legit imate medical disorder that possibly prevents them from doing so on a consistent basis.The code that is meant to address this break of ethics is: â€Å"In all matters a lawyer should be prompt, competent and diligent concerning a case, and should always maintain contact with the client. † This ethics code instructs a lawyer to realize the client has expectations and the lawyers are expected to uphold those expectations. Another common ethical issue among attorneys is a misrepresentation by the attorney. For example, a lawyer says he has a lot of experience in a certain type of case, when in fact he has little experience in that type of case.This type of ethical violation would be found under a heading of misconduct. It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to engage any conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation. This type of misrepresentation by a lawyer damages the profession and creates a situation of mistrust. Lawyers are generally trusted members of the justice system, and are given important information during a case they are working on. It is very important that the lawyers are working within the ethical systems set forth by the state’s bar association.Working within the bar association’s code of ethics will ensure the success of a lawyer’s career and help grow the client base. Becoming an attorney strikes me as an interesting career to pursue due to the high level of analytical details required to be successful. There are many ethical situations that come up on a daily basis for a defense attorney. From communicating with your clients, to billing issues there is always something a lawyer has to be aware of while maintaining an ethical code. When dealing in a profession that has a reputation of being dis-liked nd not trustworthy, a lawyer must be careful not to get into a situation where he or she can be found unethical. Ethics has always been an issue that troubles lawyers in their fields. When determ ining ethical issues a lawyer must constantly refer to their code of ethics in their particular state. If a lawyer is found guilty of violating an ethical code, with intent to harm others, a lawyer can be dis-barred, sued, and even charged with a crime. In summary, it is in a lawyer’s best interest to adhere to the code of ethics set forth by the state they choose to practice law in.References Illinois Supreme Court (January 1 2010). Illinois Supreme Court Rules of Professional Conduct. Retrieved from www. state. il. us/court/supremecourt. htm The Princeton Review (2012). Career: Attorney. Retrieved from www. princetonreiew. com Anthony T. Verwey (February 15th 2011). Depressive Disorders and Attorney Discipline. Retrieved from www. utbf. com J. Riley (March 25th 2008). Do I want to be a lawyer? Retrieved from www. academic. regis. edu Lawyers. com (2012). Reporting a Lawyer for Ethics Violations. Retrieved from www. legal-malpractice. lawyers. com

The Baraka Movie Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The title, Baraka in Arabic means spiritual wisdom or blessing transmitted from God . That is, the word in short means blessing , which one can get from the natural settings and elements that are captured on the film. That is, the word, the blessing is part of many cultures and each of them gives different perspectives and meanings. For example, when viewed from the perspective of religious groups or persons, the word will denote the blessings one will get from the superior beings in the places of religious importance. As this film showcase this aspect clearly, one can say that it supports the title. That is, by showcasing different places of religious importance and the mass of people entering it and worshiping in it, the film brings into the focus, how humans are praying in the hope of getting blessings from their believable Gods and Goddesses. Apart from this perspective, the presenting of these stunning images, shows that these natural elements like the Mt. Everest, Bali s sce nic settings, Uluru Rocks in Australia etc, etc will provide us with peace, surprise, feeling of deja vu, entertainment etc, etc, the feelings only a blessed man can get. We will write a custom essay sample on The Baraka Movie or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page That is the film by showing how precious each moment is, and how we are granted our place in the midst of these moments, denotes that we are indeed blessed. Also by showcasing the humans in the best lights like being in a joyful mood (Dancers in Bali), relaxed mood (Tibetan Monks), working mood (Workers in South East Asian countries), the film indicates, that we are recipients of valuable blessings

The Naked Citadel By Andrew J Bacevich - 1576 Words

The preference for â€Å"clarity over nuance† which means American people prefer simplicity over complexity when American people access significant declarations and military activities. American people vote their presidents so that American people like politicians announce the statement with the easily accessible idea, even though politicians lie to them, or the statement is wrong. Politicians deceive American people with the easily accessible idea that â€Å"...American people in their pursuit of happiness...† (38) according to Andrew J Bacevich’s â€Å"The Real World War IV†. Politicians simply state its purpose that the elimination of terror instead of the founding purpose that grab the accessible oil in the Middle East because American people prefer to hear the statement of simply understanding from their politicians who they vote. Also, American people prefer to see a simplicity in the military school in order to pursue their happiness. However, in â €Å"The Naked Citadel†, Susan Faludi exposed that there was no admission for women, sex-discrimination, and violence, and etc. many bad news in the military school. But the ugly and relentlessly truth deeply hurt American people’s feeling. Even if the reality is around American people, and we are familiar with it, the reality is too horrible to accept it. Same as soldiers, Tim O’Brien attempts to emphasize the war story is all about human’s love and memory, it is not about war in the â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story†. He is trying to explain that