How Is the Image of Darkness Used and Developed Throughout...

In Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’, the image of darkness is used and developed throughout for many dramatic purposes. The tragic play is set in Scotland in the 11th Century and highlights the key idea of darkness. In Elizabethan England, night air was said to be impure and it was the air in which evils were most free since it was not purged by the sunshine. Shakespeare uses the dark imagery to create a mysterious and gloomy atmosphere. It also manipulates the audience’s emotions by evoking an emotional response. Furthermore, it is used to develop the characters and show how they change. There are many reasons for the repeated motif as it is a very powerful metaphor. The darkness imagery in Macbeth contributes to its ominous and†¦show more content†¦Further in the play when Lady Macbeth descends into madness, she insists on always having a candle or, light about her as if the light might protect her against the evil forces. These worlds all create images which allow the audience to picture the scene. Along with emotive words to evoke emotion, they also help to develop the characters. Darkness develops the characters and this can be seen throughout their actions. Macbeths first encounter with the witches involves them releasing the darkness within him. They prompt his ambition to be king. Banquo calls the weird sisters instruments of darkness, but Macbeth still decides to take their advice and therefore, also their darkness. They plant the thought in him that he could be king if Duncan died. Over the next few acts, thunder stirs up the evil released. Like the witches, Lady Macbeth also has a role in releasing the dark ambitions of Macbeth. Macbeth is very reluctant to react on his instincts to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth is able to eventually convince him to commit the act. Macbeth soon slips into madness after killing Duncan and cannot sleep. He hears â€Å"Macbeth does murder sleep...therefore Cawdor shall sleep no more;Show MoreRelatedMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1802 Words   |  8 Pagesimagine the importance of an image upon a play such as Macbeth. In any literary work, it is extremely important that the author can effectively manipulate a reader s feelings towards a character. In Macbeth, that feat is accomplished magnificently by Shakespeare. Through his skillful use of imagery, Shakespeare shows us a deeper look into the true character of Macbeth. Though imagery is widespread throughout Macbeth, it is most dominant in clothing imagery, light and darkness imagery, and blood imageryRead MoreMacbeth Dreams Visions and Hallucinations Rereading2477 Words   |  10 PagesThe influence of Dreams, Visions and Hallucinations in Macbeth and other Literary Texts â€Å"The realities of the world affected me as visions, and as visions only, while the wild ideas of the land of dreams became, in turn,—not the material of my every-day existence--but in very deed that existence utterly and solely in itself.† ---- Edgar Allan Poe Uncanny encounters with visions and hallucinations blur the presumed constraints of time and space. The ‘phantasms’ or sensory impressionsRead MoreExpo5600 Words   |  23 PagesMacbeth: Easy Questions, Difficult Answers DERICK MARSH Macbeth is not an obscure play. The course of the action, unlike that of Hamlet, can easily be summarized. Most readers and audiences can come to some general agreement on what the play is about, provided that they can offer answers to the two major questions of understanding that the play poses. These answers, it need hardly be said, cannot be precise and absolute, since Shakespeare s plays, like life, never allow us the delusion of perfectRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Ghost 2757 Words   |  12 PagesOn the other hand, Gertrude is also used as a tool to achieve revenge. She has been manoeuvred by Claudius into actions which will aid his cause. However, some may may argue that the extent of Gertrude’s innocence is questionable. Is she simply a blameless victim seeking dependence upon a authoritative leader or is she a malicious woman hungry for power and capable of murder? The answer is somewhat unequivocal because we can never find any conclusive textual references. I n the Ghost’s encounter withRead MoreWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 Pagespole.† The soul seems to be talking about the contemplation of eternity. On the other hand, the poem itself seems to imply that the soul’s goal is so vague as to be virtually unknowable. â€Å"Thought,† as represented by the tower, cannot distinguish â€Å"darkness from the soul.† In a later poem Yeats says the tower is â€Å"half dead at the top.† If we see the tower as an individual, as a source of knowledge, this would seem to imply that there is no more original thought there. If, on the other hand, we see theRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagespamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is tested by a seductive male Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · patriotism grows instills pride creates common agreement about issues shows differences between Americans and Europeans Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · tells readers how to interpret what they are reading to encourage Revolutionary War support instructive in values American Renaissance/Romanticism

Zebra Paradise Free Essays

Zebra Paradise Think of your favorite place to be in your house. Where and why is it your favorite? The place I like to spend the most time in is my bedroom. It is where I go to study, watch television, and sleep. We will write a custom essay sample on Zebra Paradise or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is my favorite room because of the cozy atmosphere that I feel every time I step foot through the door. Not only is it a place to relax, but it is so much more. My room is a part of my personality, but most importantly, the place I grew up. In this descriptive essay, I will describe the basic things in my room, such as the color of my walls, bed, nightstand, dresser, and fan. I will depict the details of my closet and a few items that occupy the inside of it and tell about my television, my window, and everything surrounding them. When someone first steps foot into my room, he/she is usually captured by my bright colored walls. They are as pink as cotton candy, while only one wall is a shade darker than the other three. The door of my room is super white with a grey doorknob, which my sister claims to have â€Å"accidentally† broken the lock to. My queen size bed is located about four feet from my door, and it takes up most of the area. The frame is made out of black metal. My comforter accents my bed with black, white, and hot pink stripes. Two of my favorite animal prints are patterns that resemble a zebra and a leopard, which happens to be the design of my bedspread. I have silky, black sheets and a total of six pillows. They are soft and fluffy and never fail to provide me with a good night’s sleep. Right beside my bed, there is a black nightstand with a few of my belongings sitting on top of it, such as my pink alarm clock, a clear lamp, and my black remote. A white fan hangs from my ceiling that adds a very clean and sophisticated look to my room. My garbage can sits beside the door to the left, patiently waiting to collect trash. It is small, black, and filled with countless water bottles. Near my garbage can is my silver dresser where I keep my never-ending collection of shorts and T-shirts. The top of my dresser is cluttered with certain nicknacks that I use throughout the day, such as my wallet, perfume, fingernail polish, a jewelry box, picture frames, and sunglasses. I have three separate outlets scattered throughout my room. There is one beside my dresser, under my window, and behind my bed, which are all cream colored. The wooden floor right beneath my dresser is where I keep my preferred shoes. Paired side by side are my Sperries, neon yellow Nike’s, pink Shox, and my white cheerleading shoes. The focal point on the next wall is a double white closet. My Vera Bradley lanyard hangs from one knob, and on the other knob is a rosary. A red medal that I recently won for placing second at a powerlifting meet hangs next to it. Directly in front of my closet lies a stylish zebra rug which compliments my bedspread. My closet is not walk-in, so if someone were to open it, he/she would notice my winter clothes and school uniforms organized at the top. My casual and dressy clothing hang on the bottom rack. On the floor beneath my clothes is where my shoes are kept. I attempt to stand them upward on a shoe rack, but most of them do not fit. I own boots, heels, wedges, sandals, tennis shoes, slippers, and flip-flops. The other half of my closet is crowded with jackets, swimwear, photo albums, blankets, and other useless junk that I continue to hoard for no reason. In the corner of another wall sits a black 32† Samsung television, housed on top of a wooden rolling cart that belonged to my grandfather. In the inside compartment of the rolling cart is a pack of index cards, an extra iPhone charger, and an iHome speaker. Behind my television is an enormous sketch pad and a poster that I drew for cheerleading camp during the summer of 2012. It reads, â€Å"Geaux Mustangs† with a red and black megaphone. My window is located on the same wall as my television. It is a single window with white blinds and a valence that identically matches my bedspread. If someone were to peer out of my window, he/she would immediately notice my dad’s gigantic offshore fishing boat. It is easy to hear rain falling at night or birds chirping in the morning because of the window. One would also view two conjoined cages outside where my sister and I keep our pet rabbits. I hope it is now possible to vividly visualize every inch of my room. The nickname of it is â€Å"zebra paradise† because I am obsessed with that type of animal print. Nearly all of my belongings are black and pink with zebra print. It does not matter what my room looks like because the memories that were captured inside of it will last a lifetime. My room is special to me because it is my own personal escape, or paradise. It is very important for everyone to have a place they feel comfortable and safe in. I would not trade in my room for the world. How to cite Zebra Paradise, Essay examples

Marketing Mix for Comparison of Woolworths - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Mix for Comparison of Woolworth. Answer: Comparison of Aldi and Woolworths marketing mix strategy Marketing mix refers to the action and tactics that can be used after manufacturing the product to the point that it is delivered to the customers. The 4p strategy is known to be the product, place, price, promotion strategies that is done after the segmenting targeting positioning of their products or services. The following is the detailed discussion of the product mix of two supermarkets of Woolworths and Aldi (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Product Woolworths are focused in offering quality and accessibility of their product. Healthy and wholesome products are sold in the supermarket. In addition, Woolworths gives products according their customers needs. They also offer their in-house branded products, which are considered to be of their customers perceives quality. The success of this product strategy depends upon the delivery performance of the company (Armstrong et al. 2015). This element of marketing is most important part of market mix strategy. The quality assurance system of Woolworths ensures the great value in their products as well as the limited service they given. In addition, Woolworths dynamic capability in innovation is what gives them a strategic advantage in the competitive positioning. On the other hand, Aldi also offers its own branded products but their target segment of customers consists of lower income group than Woolworths customers. Aldi in-house products also maintain quality. Their products offerings are also have significant association with season. Aldi offers various products that are of good quality and cheaper in comparison, which attracts large customer groups (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Price Price refers to the value of the customers spending. The cost of production is the factor that needs to be considered. Pricing strategies for Woolworths is very dynamic in nature and changes with economic determinants, which change periodically. The promotional sale and offers and discounts are in pricing offers people in their products purchase attracts the customers. The discount and coupons help in widening the customers base of their company (Armstrong et al. 2015). The innovation in pricing strategies adopted by the customers also helps in attracting the customers. The retention strategy can also be developed by the value that they offer on their pricing. The discount offers are helpful in attracting customers and in retaining the customers. However, Woolworths believes in not only in pricing strategy, that attracts customers, the quality always matters. On the other hand, Aldi is known to offer cheaper price in products. They also go by the unit pricing strategy. The combination of penetration pricing, competitive pricing and psychological pricing strategy is also applied in Aldi. The low profit margin on the non-food items that the company sells is very attractive for people in Australia (Shank and Lyberger 2014). Place Woolworths have many convenient stores located on the areas and accessible to customers. Accessibility of the products is what this element of marketing mix strategies works on. Choosing a strategic location is what makes the place factor works more properly (Shank and Lyberger 2014). Woolworths online accessibility gives it more strategic advantage for convenience to the customers. Though the retail segments always takes into consideration the strategic advantage of any location, the minimisation of waste at the time of transportation of goods must be kept in mind. Woolworths is one among the competitor is global retail that does take this factor into account. On the other hand, the Aldi keeps its stores layout simple for customers. Easier availability for their customers to purchase discounts based on the transportation. Online website of Aldi is quite popular and also the convenient mobile app is available for their customers (Grant 2016). Promotion The promotional activities of products are dependent upon the visibility of the company. To make the promotional strategy is to make people aware of their products. Different consumer schemes and loyalty programs can do it. Woolworths strategy of promotional activity is media based advertisements. Billboard advertising in an area that are reasonably more popular than the other are also communicated to the target market (Grant 2016). This communication medium is known to be more effective than others are. Different product catalogue are also given to the stores, which are point of sale for the company. On the other hand, being working on lower profit margin, Aldi takes into account different public relational method of advertising their product. Social media marketing is also done for Aldi increase in communication with their customers for effective marketing strategies (Helm and Gritsch 2014). The printed catalogue, magazine, and television is also used for promotional activities for effective marketing communication. Reference Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Helm, R. and Gritsch, S., 2014. Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), pp.418-428. Shank, M.D. and Lyberger, M.R., 2014.Sports marketing: A strategic perspective. Routledge. Proctor, T., 2014.Strategic marketing: an introduction. Routledge.

Painting Analysis of Mona Lisa Essay Example

Painting Analysis of Mona Lisa Paper Essay on Mona Lisa, Analysis To develop a complete mind; study the science of art; learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else. â€Å"(da Vinci).† Although there are many ways to capture a themed art; what one perceive is what the viewers reflect emotionally. The artist can choose to be very detailed leaving nothing to the viewer’s imagination, or they can give limited detail allowing viewers to use their imagination to perceive what the artist is trying to convey. The eyes are the window to the world. One can experience texture optically as well as movements and body language. Many elements may be used individually to stress their particular character. There are five main elements that really can provide a full understanding of both images. As one admires the following famous painting â€Å"Mona Lisa â€Å"created by Leonardo da Vinci (fig. 1), which is believed to have been painted c.1503-1506, perhaps continuing until c. 1517. This painting has been on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris since 1797. Leonardo da Vinci used many elements of this well-known art. The first element sets the tone of the piece by using earth tone colors. These colors give it a very vivid background. The second element is lighting on key areas, where the artist feels the need to get its viewer’s interest. The third element is the use of lines, horizontal, and curves. Vertical lines give height, horizontal lines suggest distance and calmness. Curve lines project a sense of comfort and ease. The fourth element used is negative space such as trees, roads, and the sky. The fifth element used is what he painted this image on; poplar panel with oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Painting Analysis of Mona Lisa specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Painting Analysis of Mona Lisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Painting Analysis of Mona Lisa specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Read more great essay samples completely for free on Essaylead.com!

Confucius and Mackiavelli essays

Confucius and Mackiavelli essays Confucius was a humanist, unlike Machiavelli. He examined the past and distinguished the good and the bad. He remembered important information that was to be modeled or serve as an example of what should be avoided. Confucius felt that force regulation by law could set limits for people. However, he felt that it was too cruel to inspire their daily exchanges. He felt that the governments needed meaning and motivation, something they could not provide. Unlike Machiavelli, Confucius felt the need for love. He felt love is an important place in life and that is should be supported by social structures and ethics. Confucius stressed that one should ...not impose on others what you yourself do not desire (XV 24). He stressed the importance of tradition. He taught that tradition shaped peoples attitudes and would soon be perfected. Machiavelli was not concerned with being very virtuous, but Confucius begged to differ. Confucius states, He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the starts turn toward it (Analects XVII). Confucius placed enormous value on art. Those opposed to art were considered half-human. It was not art that engulfed Confucius, but its direction toward virtue that impressed him. Confucius placed emphasis on education. He felt that not teaching a man that had the ability to be taught was wasting a man. Yet teaching a man who cannot be taught is wasting words. Confucius felt that music and poetry stimulated the mind. They both teach contemplation and sensitivity and teach one to serve and respect their parents (Analects XVII, XVII: 9). Machiavelli jumped at the opportunity to ridicule human nature. He had a strong sense of distrust in citizens. Machiavelli stated that ...in time of adversity, when the state is in need of its citizens there are few to be found (34). Machiavelli...

11 Easy Steps for How to Draw a Dog

Easy Steps for How to Draw a Dog SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Dogs are cute! Who hasn’t taken a moment to doodle their favorite pooch on the side of their paper before? But like many animals, dogs can be hard to draw well, especially from memory. If you are trying to up your drawing skill, this guide for how to draw a dog is for you! We’ll cover all the basics of learning to draw animals and dogs in particular, and walk you through drawing a dog step by step. 4 General Tips for Drawing Dogs and Animals Drawing animals can be really challenging! Living creatures are often harder to draw than static objects, as you want your animal drawings to be full of life. Here’s a few tips to get you started! Use References It might feel like cheating to use a reference, but it’s a-OK. Professional artists use references all the time to help their artwork feel more realistic. A reference photo will help you see what a dog looks like without trying to make a real dog sit still the entire time you’re working. There are so many kinds of dogs that it’s practically impossible to remember how to draw all of them. Even if they have similar skeletal structures (which isn’t always the case), their fur texture, eye shape, and size can vary pretty widely. You can take your own reference photos or use ones you find in books or online to help you get the details right. Study Anatomy You don’t have to go to veterinary school, but spending some time looking at animal anatomy will help you better understand how an animal sits, stands, and moves. Pay particular attention to the location of the spine, as this will help you figure out how the animal is shaped. When you know that, you’ll have an easier time positioning the head, legs, and tails appropriately. You can also get a better handle on their muscle structure, which is particularly helpful when drawing animals with short fur and pronounced muscles. Though you don’t need to replicate every detail in your drawing, understanding how an animal’s body works can make your drawings feel more lifelike, even in a cartoony style. Start With Simple Shapes Even complicated drawings are based on simple shapes. A light underdrawing that consists primarily of primary shapes is a great foundation for more detailed drawings; you can build on the basic shapes to help your drawing feel lifelike. Look at an animal’s anatomy and imagine it as several connected shapes. You might see a large oval for the ribcage and a rounded rectangle for the head, or an almost kidney bean-like shape for an animal’s leg. These are just guidelines- they’ll need refinement to really work in a drawing, but using these shapes to guide your work will help you stay on track as you’re drawing. Draw Lightly It takes time and effort to draw well. Start off with light pencil for sketching, and don’t be afraid to erase and try again. As you progress through the drawing process, you can erase your guidelines and draw in heavier pencil. This helps keep you on target and gets rid of the unnecessary lines. When you’re ready, you can go back over your drawing in ink or marker, and erase the pencil marks entirely. That ensures that only the lines you want are visible! This also works for digital illustration. Using layers in illustration programs, you can have underdrawings and layers of increasing detail, which can be turned off when you no longer need them. With practice, you'll soon be doing way better than this. How to Draw a Dog: The Simple Method Even when you’re drawing a simple dog, it’s smart to have an understanding of basic dog anatomy. It might sound silly or unnecessary, but even cartoony drawings need to be based in reality to look right. As mentioned above, take some time to look at dog anatomy and learn the basic shapes that make a dog up to help you make even a simple dog look great! Because there are so many kinds of dogs, we can’t provide a tutorial for how to draw all of them. Instead, here’s a simple guide for drawing a sitting dog that can be adjusted depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing. A modest beginning. Sketch the Muzzle All you need is an oval to start with. Don’t get caught up in making it look perfect- you can make adjustments to it later. Also, don’t worry about details. Just get a circle down and we’ll add to it later, once we have the body done. It doesn't look like much yet... Draw the Head Sketch the shape of the head around the oval you’ve drawn for the muzzle. Again, it doesn’t have to be perfect, because you can change it at any time. You can change the shape depending on how you want your dog to look. Some dogs have very round heads while others are more angular, but having the head oval in place gives you a structure to work around. Looking a bit more like a dog now. Add a Nose Dog noses are unusually shaped. They actually look a bit like mushroom slices, with an exaggerated flare at the bottom. You can start by drawing a sort of rounded triangle, then adding the nostrils to flesh it out. A simple nose or a detailed one can be equally effective depending on how detailed your drawing is. Making progress... Add Ears A dog’s ears can be a great source of expression! Depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing, the ears may be floppy, upright, or even cropped. Start with the basic shape and tweak it from there. Eyes make a big difference. Add Eyes Let’s keep it simple here- eyes are tricky to draw well! Two little ovals will do the job for now, so if we’re doing a simple cartoony drawing, we don’t have to get very detailed. You can add eyebrows to give your dog more of an expression. Dogs don’t have eyebrows exactly like we do, but some have eyebrow-like markings just above their eyes. Feel free to use your imagination! Okay, it's definitely a dog now. Add a Mouth Dogs have two rounded shapes beneath their noses that often turn upwards, making it look as though they’re smiling. You can draw these shapes as rounded ovals to make the dog look happier, or make them more angular and pointed downward to make your dog look more serious. In combination with the ears, the dog’s mouth is the best way to convey emotion. The egg-shaped body feels like a bit of a step backward. Add a Body The body looks a bit like an egg, with the top hidden behind the dog’s head. Again, draw it lightly and go over it later to add more detail. These legs leave something to be desired. Add Front Legs Draw two straight lines and add a little oval at the end for the paw. You can embellish these with spots or fur, but the basic shape is just two sets of two lines with a little oval at the end. I wanted a husky-like tail, even if it looks a bit like a banana right now. Add a Tail What kind of tail a dog has depends on its breed. You can draw a skinny tail, a fluffy one, or no tail at all depending on what kind of dog you’re drawing. These legs are a little on the abstract side. Add Back Legs Back legs are a little more difficult to visualize, but think back to the anatomy of a dog. The dog’s thigh is kind of like a tilted oval, and the foot and lower leg are like an elongated, squashed oval. All these are just sketch lines, so if they look a little funky now, that’s okay- you can fix them up with detail later on. Details and ink definitely help the doggy appearance. Add Details and Finish Up Now that you have the basic structure of your dog, you can touch things up with detail, erase all your sketch lines, and outline in ink. Some things to add to make your dog look more lifelike and cute are color, fur textures, and whiskers. Take a look at real dogs and see the features that make them unique, then make adjustments to yours to make it look special, too! How to Draw a Dog: The Detailed Method Drawing a detailed dog is a lot like drawing a simple dog, though it will likely take you more time and effort. Again, understand the simple shapes that make up a dog. Look at skeletal structure and muscle groups to help you understand what they look like under all that fur, as those are the features you’ll start with before you add more detail. First and foremost: start simple. It’s easier to draw a familiar yellow lab than it is to draw something more complex, like a Puli. That goes for shapes, too. Underdrawing is even more important when drawing detailed dogs than it is for simple dogs, even if you feel like you’re erasing most of the work. And erasing is a big part of drawing detailed dogs. You probably won’t get it perfect the first time, but that’s okay! The dog up above was my first attempt, and if I continued to practice I would get better. Erase and try again and again. You might not notice your skill improving, but every drawing you do brings you closer to the artist you want to be. This beautiful dog is going to be our reference photo. Start With a Reference You can use your own photo or one you find online, but add your own embellishments and tweaks to really make it your own. You don’t need to trace, though you can if you’re just starting out and want to get a better grasp on what dogs look like. It’s not wrong to learn by tracing, but it’s a good idea to use those drawings as practice unless you took the photo yourself. Many artists take their own reference photos. If you can’t, you can use one you find online, but aim to make your drawing substantially different from the reference if you plan to use the picture for something other than practice. Starting with a reference photo lets you work off of an existing image, which can help your drawing be more accurate. Use what you know of skeletal structure so you can better draw the shapes that make up a dog. Not very impressive. Outline Shapes Naturally, dogs are made up of many complex parts. But when you’re starting your drawing, just focus on the basics- the shapes that make up the basic form of a dog. If you were to just imagine a dog’s silhouette, you might see a rounded rectangle for the head, a large oval of the chest, and another oval for the hindquarters. Start with a line to keep the body parts aligned. The line can be straight or slightly curved, depending on what position you’ll draw the dog in. Then draw the basic shapes at their appropriate places, centering them on the line. After some redrawing, we have the basic form of the dog in our photo. Outline Shapes for Larger Features Now that you have the basic dog shape down, you can add just a little more detail. Focus on drawing the larger features of a dog- the snout, feet, and legs. Again, draw shapes rather than detailed features, as you’ll add all the little stuff later. Fill in the places where those features meet the body, and connect the larger sections of the body together. You’ll flesh all of this out later on; for now, you just want it to look like the basic silhouette of a dog, not something instantly recognizable as whatever breed of dog you’re trying to draw. This dog is more muscular than furry, so I focused on the muscles. Add Body Contour Now’s the time to start getting into detail, mostly in the body. Add some rough structure to the body, such as muscle definition for short-haired dogs or fur outlines for long-haired dogs. Look at where the breed is thicker or thinner, and emphasize those areas of the body. Look at where fur gathers on images of the type of dog you’re drawing, and also where muscles are more visible. Those are the areas to emphasize here, but, as always, don’t get too invested in details yet. Also take a moment to draw the legs and feet in more detail. Add toes and fur, if necessary, so you have a clearer picture of what the final dog will look like. Hey, that's a dog! Erase Unnecessary Lines Get rid of the guidelines you used, as from now on you’ll mostly be fleshing out details and shading. You’ve spent enough time on the basic shape, adding some fur and details, that you no longer need your initial shapes and guidelines. Now’s the time to add basic outlines for the dog’s ears, eyes, nose, and snout details. Get their placement and shape right, and be sure they look similar to those in your reference photo. This will probably take some time. Don’t get frustrated if you have to draw and redraw these features several times- these are details that are important to get right, but that can be quite tricky to execute well. You might have to do a lot of practice, but it’ll be worth it in the end! Add Fur Texture Now you can add fur and fluff to the details you added in the last step. Add a little fur to the ears or little tufts on the legs. If you’re not drawing a particularly shaggy dog, add more muscle definition. Use shading to emphasize where the dog’s muscles would show, and sketch out areas where the dog is more muscular to make it look more realistic. Just as you’ve done throughout the drawing, start with general details before you get into the smaller ones. Go for general fur shape, then add fuzzier patches. Get the general body shape and muscle structure done, then add muscles that are in use given your reference photo’s pose. It's not perfect, but that just means it's time to practice! Finishing Touches You’re almost done! Take some time to add additional details to things like the dog’s nose and eyes, and add teeth or a tongue depending on whether the dog’s mouth is open. You can also add spots or other color patterns if your dog has them. Just shading will accomplish this, or you can use full color to give your picture even more pop. However, it is possible to get too detailed. Some artists draw intensely detailed images while others are a little more sparing. Both are great art styles, so don’t feel like adding tons of detail is the only way to make your art look realistic and interesting! Additional Tips for Drawing Dogs Once you've got the basics down, drawing a dog is a matter of practice. Keep trying to improve, even when it feels like your skill isn’t getting better. But if you need some additional help in drawing certain parts or certain kinds of dogs, consider these tips! How To Draw a Dog’s Face Drawing a dog’s face can be particularly tricky- we want our drawing’s faces to be as expressive and cute as real dogs. Understanding what a dog’s skull is like is a great first step, as you’ll be able to see what parts move, what parts don’t, and where important features like the ears and eyes sit. Outline the basic shape before adding features. You can block them in using lines to be sure that they’re all aligned properly. As with the rest of the dog, start with the broader details and then fill in the specific ones. Start with the shape of the eyes, for example, and refine them until they look right. Then add the iris and pupils as well as surrounding fur. You can always make changes, but it’s easier to start with the larger details and fill in the specific ones than end up having the erase everything because you can’t get the shape to look right after you’ve drawn the details. How to Draw a Puppy Puppies are a lot more than miniature dogs- they have different features, which means there are special considerations to keep in mind when drawing them as opposed to adult dogs. For one, puppies often have proportionally larger paws than adult dogs. Drawing the paws a bit larger is a good way to clue people into the fact that you’re drawing a puppy! Puppies are also generally a little chubbier, with more rounded bodies. Though some might be a little muscular, for the most part puppies will be more rounded- combined with other puppy features like larger paws, a rounded body can make a dog look younger. Some breeds also have gangly legs, especially as they begin to grow into adolescents. A few adult breeds, such as borzois and greyhounds, may look gangly as adults, but many dogs get that same look as they’re growing up. It’s okay to make your puppy drawings look a little awkward- it’s true to life! Another good detail for puppies is that their eyes often look proportionally larger than those of adult dogs. This is a common feature of baby animals, and it’s part of the reason that people love them so much. A large head, round eyes, and smaller nose and mouth remind us a lot of human babies, so use those features to make your puppy drawings look even cuter! What’s Next? Don't be afraid to experiment with different styles when drawing dogs. Check out this guide to how to do contour line art and try out a whole new art direction! Not sure what to draw now that you've mastered dogs? This list of 100 different drawing ideas is sure to help. Drawing is a great hobby, but it can also make you money. Check out this list of art scholarships to help you turn your skills into cash for college! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Melissa Brinks About the Author Melissa Brinks graduated from the University of Washington in 2014 with a Bachelor's in English with a creative writing emphasis. She has spent several years tutoring K-12 students in many subjects, including in SAT prep, to help them prepare for their college education. 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Discuss the problems developing countries encounter in international Essay

Discuss the problems developing countries encounter in international trade in key sectors (i.e. agriculture, industry and services) - Essay Example Some internal problems include high cost of production, tariffs of inputs and There are various problems that developing countries face in international trade which will be discussed; this paper also provides possible solutions to these problems of trade. Some of the problems include trade barriers, unfavorable terms of trade, high quality standards, A large portion of GDP in developing countries depend on agriculture, agriculture helps in providing food to the population, providing employment and surplus is exported to other countries. Foreign income highly depends on agricultural products exported and also tourism, however agriculture plays an important role in these countries in providing employment and food, there are various problems that these developing countries face in this sector and they include: High tariffs are imposed on imports in international trade; tariffs are a source of revenue to the government but at the same time they restrict the level of imports in a country, the agricultural sector in developing countries are faced with this problem because their good become more expensive in the internal market due to imposed tariffs. The tariffs will reduce the amo... Bans and quotas are also trade barriers that cause problems in internal trade, in the case of quota the developing countries are only required to export a certain quantity to country, this is a major draw back to the agricultural sector in the developing countries. High input costs: Most developing countries import inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and oil, their cost in the internal market are usually high and some producers cannot afford these costs, for this reason therefore the cost of producing the agricultural products is usually very high making the final price for these products to be high. Therefore the high cost of inputs will lead to an increase in the cost of production, the final price of the agricultural products is usually very high and therefore less competitive in the internal market, for this reason therefore the agricultural products are usually less demanded in the internal market due to competition from more efficient producers. Oil is also a major input in production in each and every sector in an economy, the developing countries in most cases will import oil from developed countries where prices fluctuate frequently, and the cost of oil will lead to an increase in the cost of production of these products leading to less competitive prices in the internal market. Subsidies: Many countries subsidize their agricultural sector in order for them to produce more, this has posed a major problem to the developing countries that cannot afford to subsidize its agricultural sector, subsidizing of agricultural production in developed countries result into a reduction in the cost of production and therefore the country demand less imports. Subsidies therefore will create problems to the